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NEW QUESTION # 74
After a devastating office fire, all staff are moved to other branches of the company. At what moment in the incident management process is this measure effectuated?
- A. Between recovery and normal operations
- B. Between incident and damage
- C. Between detection and classification
- D. Between classification and escalation
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 75
Which two of the following phrases would apply to 'check' in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle for a business process?
- A. Resetting objectives
- B. Auditing processes
- C. Verifying training
- D. Updating the Information Security Policy
- E. Making improvements
- F. Managing changes
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The two phrases that would apply to 'check' in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle for a business process are:
C: Verifying training
F: Auditing processes
C: This phrase applies to 'check' in the PDCA cycle because it involves measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the training activities that were implemented in the 'do' phase. Training is an important aspect of information security awareness, education, and competence, which are required by clause 7.2 of ISO 27001:20221. Verifying training can help the organisation to assess whether the staff have acquired the necessary knowledge, skills, and behaviour to perform their roles and responsibilities in relation to information security. Verifying training can also help the organisation to identify any gaps or weaknesses in the training program and to plan for improvement actions.
F: This phrase applies to 'check' in the PDCA cycle because it involves examining and reviewing the performance and conformity of the processes that were implemented in the 'do' phase. Auditing is a systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled2. Auditing processes can help the organisation to verify whether the information security objectives and requirements are met, whether the information security controls are effective and efficient, and whether the information security risks are adequately managed. Auditing processes can also help the organisation to identify any nonconformities or opportunities for improvement and to plan for corrective or preventive actions.
References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 7.2 2: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 76
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader conducting a third-party surveillance visit.
You notice that although the auditee is claiming conformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 they are still referring to Improvement as clause 10.2 (as it was in the 2013 edition) when this is now clause 10.1 in the 2022 edition. You have confirmed they are meeting all of the 2022 requirements set out in the standard.
Select one option of the action you should take.
- A. Raise a nonconformity against clause 7.5.3 - Control of documented information
- B. Bring the matter up at the closing meeting
- C. Raise it as an opportunity for improvement
- D. Note the issue in the audit report
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct action to take in this situation is to raise it as an opportunity for improvement. This is because the auditee is not violating any requirement of the standard, but rather using outdated terminology that does not reflect the current version of the standard. An opportunity for improvement is a suggestion for enhancing the performance or effectiveness of the ISMS1. It is not a nonconformity, which is a failure to fulfil a requirement2. Therefore, option B is incorrect. Option A is also incorrect, because noting the issue in the audit report without raising it as an opportunity for improvement would not provide any value or feedback to the auditee. Option D is also incorrect, because bringing the matter up at the closing meeting without documenting it as an opportunity for improvement would not ensure that the auditee takes any action to address it.
References: 1: ISMS Auditing Guideline - ISO27000, page 11; 2: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, 3.28; : ISMS Auditing Guideline - ISO27000; : ISO/IEC 27000:2022
NEW QUESTION # 77
Why do we need to test a disaster recovery plan regularly, and keep it up to date?
- A. Otherwise remotely stored backups may no longer be available to the security team
- B. Otherwise it is no longer up to date with the registration of daily occurring faults
- C. Otherwise the measures taken and the incident procedures planned may not be adequate
Answer: C
Explanation:
Testing a disaster recovery plan regularly and keeping it up to date is essential to ensure that the measures taken and the incident procedures planned are adequate and effective in the event of a disaster6. A disaster recovery plan is a documented set of actions and arrangements to enable an organization to respond to a disaster affecting its information assets and resume its critical activities within a defined time frame7. However, a disaster recovery plan may become obsolete or ineffective due to changes in the organization's environment, operations, risks, or resources. Therefore, testing the plan periodically and updating it accordingly is necessary to verify its validity, feasibility, completeness, and accuracy6. Reference: ISO/IEC 27031:2011, clauses 7.4 and 8.3; ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.11.
NEW QUESTION # 78
In what part of the process to grant access to a system does the user present a token?
- A. Verification
- B. Identification
- C. Authorisation
- D. Authentication
Answer: B
Explanation:
In what part of the process to grant access to a system does the user present a token? The user presents a token in the identification part of the process. Identification is the process of claiming an identity or presenting an identifier to a system. An identifier is a unique name or label that represents a person or entity. A token is a physical device or object that contains or generates an identifier, such as a smart card, a key fob, or a QR code. Identification is used to initiate the access request and associate it with an identity. Identification is followed by authentication, which verifies the identity claim, and authorization, which determines the level of access granted. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines identification as "recognition of an entity by an identifier in a particular context" (see clause 3.29). Reference: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, [What is Identification?]
NEW QUESTION # 79
In which order is an Information Security Management System set up?
- A. Establishment, operation, monitoring, improvement
- B. Implementation, operation, maintenance, establishment
- C. Implementation, operation, improvement, maintenance
- D. Establishment, implementation, operation, maintenance
Answer: D
Explanation:
The establishment phase of an ISMS involves defining the scope, context, objectives, and leadership commitment for information security management within an organization. It also involves identifying and assessing the risks and opportunities related to information security and selecting the appropriate controls to treat them. The implementation phase of an ISMS involves executing the plans and actions to achieve the information security objectives and implement the selected controls. It also involves ensuring the availability of resources and competencies for information security management. The operation phase of an ISMS involves monitoring and measuring the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS and reporting on the results. It also involves addressing nonconformities and taking corrective actions to prevent recurrence. The maintenance phase of an ISMS involves reviewing and evaluating the ISMS at planned intervals and identifying opportunities for improvement. It also involves updating the ISMS as necessary to reflect changes in the internal and external context of the organization. Therefore, an ISMS is set up in the following order: establishment, implementation, operation, maintenance. Reference: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 6-10; ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 4.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which one of the following options best describes the main purpose of a Stage 2 third-party audit?
- A. To get to know the organisation's management system
- B. To determine readiness for certification
- C. To identify nonconformances against a standard
- D. To check for legal compliance by the organisation
Answer: C
Explanation:
The main purpose of a Stage 2 third-party audit is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the organisation's management system and to identify any nonconformances against the requirements of the standard12. The other options are either the objectives of a Stage 1 audit (A, D) or a specific aspect of the audit scope (B). References: 1: ISO/IEC 27006:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems, Clause
9.2 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 4: Preparing an ISO/IEC 27001 audit
NEW QUESTION # 81
There is a network printer in the hallway of the company where you work. Many employees don't pick up their printouts immediately and leave them on the printer.
What are the consequences of this to the reliability of the information?
- A. The availability of the information is no longer guaranteed.
- B. The confidentiality of the information is no longer guaranteed.
- C. The integrity of the information is no longer guaranteed.
- D. The Security of the information is no longer guaranteed.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Confidentiality is one of the Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA) principles of information security that states that only authorized parties should have access to information assets. Confidentiality protects the secrecy and privacy of information from unauthorized disclosure or exposure. Often, people do not pick up their prints from a shared printer. This can affect the confidentiality of information, as anyone who passes by the printer can see or take the printed documents that may contain confidential or personal information. This can lead to information leakage, identity theft, fraud, or other malicious activities. Therefore, the correct answer is C. References: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.8; How & Where to Print Sensitive Documents on a Shared Printer.
NEW QUESTION # 82
What is the goal of classification of information?
- A. Structuring information according to its sensitivity
- B. Applying labels making the information easier to recognize
- C. To create a manual about how to handle mobile devices
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 83
What is an example of a human threat?
- A. a lightning strike
- B. fire
- C. thunderstrom
- D. phishing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A human threat is a threat that originates from a person or a group of people who intentionally or unintentionally cause harm to an organization's information assets. Examples of human threats include hackers, insiders, terrorists, criminals, competitors, or disgruntled employees. A human threat can exploit technical, physical, or organizational vulnerabilities to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information. Phishing is an example of a human threat that uses social engineering techniques to trick users into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or bank account details. Phishing attacks often involve sending fraudulent emails or messages that appear to be from legitimate sources, such as banks, government agencies, or trusted contacts. The messages may contain links to malicious websites or attachments that contain malware. Therefore, the correct answer is C. References: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.25; What is Phishing? | How to Identify & Avoid Phishing Scams.
NEW QUESTION # 84
Select a word from the following options that best completes the sentence:
To complete the sentence with the word(s) click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the application text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
The purpose of a management system audit is to evaluate the performance of an organization's management system.
A management system audit is an independent and systematic analysis and evaluation of a company's overall activities and performances1. It is a valuable tool used to determine the efficiency, functions, accomplishments and achievements of the company1. A management system audit can be conducted against a range of audit criteria, including (but not limited to) requirements set of in existing ISO standards2.
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, the purpose of an audit is to enable the auditor to provide an audit conclusion that is related to the audit objectives2. The audit objectives are defined by the audit client and may include determining the extent of conformity or nonconformity of the audited management system against the audit criteria, evaluating the ability of the audited management system to ensure that the organization meets applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements, identifying potential improvement opportunities for the audited management system, and facilitating continual improvement of the audited management system2.
Therefore, the correct answer is evaluate, as it best describes the purpose of a management system audit. The other options are not correct because they are not specific enough or do not reflect the intended outcome of an audit. For example, improve implies that the audit itself will enhance the performance of the management system, which is not necessarily true. Manage implies that the audit will control or direct the management system, which is not its role. Research implies that the audit will generate new knowledge or information about the management system, which is not its primary aim.
NEW QUESTION # 85
Review the following statements and determine which two are false:
- A. Auditors approved for conducting onsite audits do not require additional training for virtual audits, as there are no significant differences in the skillset required
- B. During a virtual audit, auditees participating in interviews are strongly recommended to keep their webcam enabled
- C. The selection of onsite, virtual or combination audits should take into consideration historical performance and previous audit results
- D. Due to confidentiality and security concerns, screen sharing during a virtual audit is one method by which the audit team can review the auditee's documentation
- E. The number of days assigned to a third-party audit is determined by the auditee's availability
- F. Conducting a technology check in advance of a virtual audit can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the audit
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
* A: Auditors approved for conducting onsite audits do require additional training for virtual audits to ensure they are competent in using the technology and tools required for conducting audits remotely12.
* E: The number of days assigned to a third-party audit is not determined by the auditee's availability, but rather by factors such as the size and complexity of the organization, the scope of the audit, and the requirements of the certification body34.
References: The answers are verified based on the content and objectives of the ISMS ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor course, as well as the guidelines provided in the reference materials and documents related to the course.
NEW QUESTION # 86
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader, talking to an Auditor in training who has been assigned to your audit team. You want to ensure that they understand the importance of the Check stage of the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle in respect of the operation of the information security management system.
You do this by asking him to select the words that best complete the sentence:
To complete the sentence with the best word(s), click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
Review is the third stage of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, which is a four-step model for implementing and improving an information security management system (ISMS) according to ISO/IEC
27001:202212. Review involves assessing and measuring the performance of the ISMS against the established policies, objectives, and criteria12.
Assess is the verb that describes the action of reviewing the ISMS. Assess means to evaluate, analyze, or measure something in a systematic and objective manner3. Assessing the ISMS involves collecting and verifying audit evidence, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and determining the degree of conformity or nonconformity12.
Regular is the adjective that describes the frequency or interval of reviewing the ISMS. Regular means occurring or done at fixed or uniform intervals4. Reviewing the ISMS at regular intervals means conducting internal audits and management reviews periodically, such as annually, quarterly, or monthly, depending on the needs and risks of the organization12.
Suitability is one of the attributes that describes the quality or outcome of reviewing the ISMS. Suitability means being appropriate or fitting for a particular purpose, person, or situation5. Reviewing the ISMS for suitability means ensuring that it is aligned with the organization's strategic direction, business objectives, and information security requirements12.
References :=
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements ISO/IEC 27003:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Guidance Assess | Definition of Assess by Merriam-Webster Regular | Definition of Regular by Merriam-Webster Suitability | Definition of Suitability by Merriam-Webster
NEW QUESTION # 87
Select the words that best complete the sentence:
To complete the sentence with the best word(s), click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
* A third-party audit team leader is a person who leads an audit team that conducts audits on behalf of an external organization, such as a certification body, that provides certification or accreditation services to other organizations12.
* One of the main responsibilities of a third-party audit team leader is to act on behalf of the certification body, which means to represent its interests, policies, and procedures during the audit process12.
* Acting on behalf of the certification body involves communicating with the audit client and the auditee, planning and conducting the audit, reporting and evaluating the audit results, and making recommendations for certification or accreditation decisions12.
* Acting on behalf of the certification body also requires maintaining professional integrity, impartiality, confidentiality, and competence throughout the audit process12.
References :=
* ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2022 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 88
You are an audit team leader who has just completed a third-party audit of a mobile telecommunication provider. You are preparing your audit report and are just about to complete a section headed 'confidentiality'.
An auditor in training on your team asks you if there are any circumstances under which the confidential report can be released to third parties.
Which four of the following responses are false?
- A. If the third party has gained a legal notice for us to disclose the report then we must do so. In all such cases we would advise the audit client and, as appropriate, the auditee
- B. There are no circumstances under which the report can be released to a third party. Confidential means confidential and releasing the document would be a breach of trust
- C. The report can be released to third parties but only with the explicit, prior approval of the audit client
- D. Any auditor employed by the auditing organisation can access the audit report
- E. Although we advise the client the report is confidential we can decide to release it to third parties if we feel this is justified. We would always tell the client afterwards
- F. The starting position is always that third parties have no automatic right to access an audit report
- G. Subcontracted auditors are considered to be third parties regarding confidentiality and are therefore typically bound by confidentiality agreements
- H. Our duty of confidentiality is not something that lasts forever. As a certification body, we can decide how long we wish to keep reports confidential. After this, they can be accessed by third parties making a subject access request
Answer: D,E,G,H
Explanation:
Explanation
The audit report is a confidential document that contains sensitive information about the auditee's ISMS and its performance. The audit team has a duty to protect the confidentiality of the audit report and only disclose it to authorized parties, such as the audit client, the certification body, and the accreditation body. Therefore, the following responses are false:
* A: The audit team cannot decide to release the report to third parties without the consent of the audit client, as this would breach the confidentiality agreement and the audit code of conduct. The audit team should always inform the audit client before disclosing the report to any third party, and obtain their explicit, prior approval.
* F: Not every auditor employed by the auditing organization can access the audit report, as this would violate the principle of need-to-know. Only auditors who are involved in the audit process, such as the audit team leader, the audit team members, the audit programme manager, and the certification decision maker, can access the audit report. Other auditors who are not related to the audit have no legitimate reason to access the report, and should be prevented from doing so by appropriate security measures.
* G: The duty of confidentiality does not expire after a certain period of time, as this would compromise the trust and integrity of the audit process. The audit report remains confidential indefinitely, unless
* there is a legal or contractual obligation to disclose it, or the audit client agrees to release it. Third parties cannot access the audit report by making a subject access request, as this would infringe the privacy and data protection rights of the audit client and the auditee.
* H: Subcontracted auditors are not considered to be third parties regarding confidentiality, as they are part of the audit team and have a contractual relationship with the auditing organization. Subcontracted auditors are typically bound by the same confidentiality agreement and audit code of conduct as the employed auditors, and have the same rights and responsibilities to access and protect the audit report.
References: =
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 9.2, Internal audit
* ISO/IEC 27006:2015, clause 7.2.3, Confidentiality
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 22, Audit Report
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 24, Audit Code of Conduct
NEW QUESTION # 89
What is the difference between a restricted and confidential document?
- A. Restricted - to be shared among named individuals
Confidential - to be shared across the organization only - B. Restricted - to be shared among named individuals
Confidential - to be shared with friends and family - C. Restricted - to be shared among an authorized group
Confidential - to be shared among named individuals - D. Restricted - to be shared among named individuals
Confidential - to be shared among an authorized group
Answer: D
Explanation:
The difference between a restricted and confidential document is that a restricted document is to be shared among named individuals, while a confidential document is to be shared among an authorized group.
Restricted and confidential are examples of information classification levels that indicate the sensitivity and value of information and the degree of protection required for it. Restricted documents contain information that could cause serious damage or harm to the organization or its stakeholders if disclosed to unauthorized persons. Therefore, they should only be accessed by specific individuals who have a legitimate need to know and are authorized by the information owner. Confidential documents contain information that could cause damage or harm to the organization or its stakeholders if disclosed to unauthorized persons. Therefore, they should only be accessed by a defined group of people who have a legitimate need to know and are authorized by the information owner. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to classify information in terms of legal requirements, value, criticality and sensitivity to unauthorized disclosure or modification (see clauseA.8.2.1).
References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC
27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Information Classification?
NEW QUESTION # 90
You are an experienced audit team leader guiding an auditor in training.
Your team is currently conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an organisation that stores data on behalf of external clients. The auditor in training has been tasked with reviewing the ORGANISATIONAL controls listed in the Statement of Applicability (SoA) and implemented at the site.
Select four controls from the following that would you expect the auditor in training to review.
- A. How power and data cables enter the building
- B. How information security has been addressed within supplier agreements
- C. Rules for transferring information within the organisation and to other organisations
- D. The organisation's business continuity arrangements
- E. Confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements
- F. The development and maintenance of an information asset inventory
- G. Access to and from the loading bay
- H. The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
Answer: B,C,E,F
Explanation:
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, the auditor in training should review the organisational controls that are related to the information security policy, the roles and responsibilities, the information classification, the information exchange, the supplier relationships, and the information asset management1. These controls are aligned with the ISO/IEC 27001 requirements for clauses
5, 7, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.42. The other controls (A, D, G, and H) are more relevant to the physical and environmental security, the communications security, or the business continuity management, which are not part of the organisational controls3. References: 1: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 42, section 5.2.32: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 5, 7, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.43: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 8.1, 8.5, and 8.6.
NEW QUESTION # 91
In acceptable use of Information Assets, which is the best practice?
- A. Playing any computer games during office hours
- B. Access to information and communication systems are provided for business purpose only
- C. Accessing phone or network transmissions, including wireless or wifi transmissions
- D. Interfering with or denying service to any user other than the employee's host
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best practice in acceptable use of information assets is A: access to information and communication systems are provided for business purpose only. This means that the organization grants access to its information and communication systems only to authorized users who need to use them for legitimate and approved business activities. The organization does not allow or tolerate any unauthorized, inappropriate or personal use of its information and communication systems, as this could compromise information security, violate policies or laws, or cause damage or harm to the organization or its stakeholders. The other options are not best practices in acceptable use of information assets, as they could violate information security policies and procedures, as well as ethical or legal standards. Interfering with or denying service to any user other than the employee's host (B) is a malicious act that could disrupt the availability or performance of the information systems or services of another user or organization. Playing any computer games during office hours is a personal and unprofessional use of the information and communication systems that could distract the employee from their work duties, waste resources and bandwidth, or expose the systems to malware or other risks. Accessing phone or network transmissions, including wireless or wifi transmissions (D) is a potential breach of confidentiality or privacy that could intercept, monitor or modify the information transmitted by another user or organization without their consent or authorization. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement rules for acceptable use of assets (see clause A.8.1.3). Reference: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Acceptable Use?
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which one of the following options best describes the main purpose of a Stage 1 third-party audit?
- A. To get to know the organisation's customers
- B. To determine redness for a stage 2 audit
- C. To introduce the audit team to the client
- D. To learn about the organisation's procurement
- E. To prepare an independent audit report
- F. To check for legal compliance by the organisation
Answer: B
Explanation:
The main purpose of a Stage 1 third-party audit is to determine readiness for a Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit is a preliminary assessment that evaluates the organization's ISMS documentation, scope, context, and objectives, and identifies any major gaps or nonconformities that need to be addressed before the Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit does not introduce the audit team to the client, as this is done during the audit planning phase. A Stage 1 audit does not check for legal compliance by the organization, as this is done during the Stage 2 audit. A Stage 1 audit does not prepare an independent audit report, as this is done after the Stage 2 audit. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 70. : ISO/IEC 27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB, page 23.
NEW QUESTION # 93
Which one of the following statements best describes the purpose of conducting a document review?
- A. To decide about the conformity of the documented management system with audit standards and to gather findings to support the audit process
- B. To determine the conformity of the management system, as far as documented, with audit criteria and to gather information to support the on-site audit activities
- C. To reveal whether the documented management system is nonconforming with audit criteria and to gather evidence to support the audit report
- D. To detect any nonconformity of the management system, if documented, with audit criteria and to identify information to support the audit plan
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A document review is a process of examining the documented information related to the management system before the on-site audit activities. The purpose of a document review is to: 12
* Determine the conformity of the management system, as far as documented, with audit criteria, i.e., to check whether the documents are consistent, complete, and compliant with the requirements of ISO/IEC
27001 and any other applicable standards or regulations.
* Gather information to support the on-site audit activities, i.e., to identify the scope, objectives, processes, controls, risks, and opportunities of the management system, and to plan the audit methods, techniques, and resources accordingly.
The other statements are not accurate, because:
* A document review does not reveal or decide about the conformity or nonconformity of the management system as a whole, but only of the documented information. The conformity or nonconformity of the management system is determined by the on-site audit activities, which include interviews, observations, and tests12
* A document review does not gather evidence or findings to support the audit report or process, but information to support the on-site audit activities. The evidence or findings are collected during the on-site audit activities, which are then documented and reported12
* A document review does not detect any nonconformity of the management system, if documented, but determines the conformity of the documented information. The nonconformity of the management system is detected by the on-site audit activities, which evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the management system12
* A document review does not identify information to support the audit plan, but gathers information to support the on-site audit activities. The audit plan is prepared before the document review, based on the audit scope, objectives, criteria, and program. The document review is part of the audit plan implementation12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
NEW QUESTION # 94
A well-executed risk analysis provides a great deal of useful information. A risk analysis has four main objectives.
What is not one of the four main objectives of a risk analysis?
- A. Identifying assets and their value
- B. Establishing a balance between the costs of an incident and the costs of a security measure
- C. Implementing counter measures
- D. Determining relevant vulnerabilities and threats
Answer: C
Explanation:
Implementing countermeasures is not one of the four main objectives of a risk analysis. A risk analysis is a systematic process that involves identifying, assessing, and evaluating potential risks to understand their likelihood and impact. Its objective is to develop strategies to manage or mitigate those risks effectively. The four main objectives of a risk analysis are:
Identifying assets and their value: This involves determining what are the information assets that need to be protected and how valuable they are for the organization.
Determining relevant vulnerabilities and threats: This involves identifying what are the weaknesses or flaws in the information assets or systems that could be exploited by malicious actors or events and what are the sources or causes of those potential attacks or incidents.
Establishing a balance between the costs of an incident and the costs of a security measure: This involves estimating what are the potential consequences or impacts of a risk occurrence in terms of financial, operational, reputational, or legal losses and comparing them with what are the costs or benefits of implementing a security measure to prevent or reduce that risk.
Providing a basis for risk treatment decisions: This involves prioritizing the risks based on their likelihood and impact and selecting the most appropriate risk treatment options such as avoiding, transferring, reducing, or accepting the risk.
Implementing countermeasures is not an objective but an outcome of a risk analysis. Countermeasures are specific actions or controls that are designed to prevent or mitigate a risk occurrence or impact. Countermeasures are selected based on the results of a risk analysis and aligned with the organization's risk appetite and objectives. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Reference: [ISO/IEC 27005:2018], clauses 6-9; Risk Analysis - What Is It, Benefits, Example, Methods - WallStreetMojo.
NEW QUESTION # 95
You are an audit team leader conducting a third-party surveillance audit of a telecom services provider. You have assigned responsibility for auditing the organisation's information security objectives to a junior member of your audit team. Before they begin their assessment, you ask them the following question to check their understanding of the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
Which four of the following criteria must Information security objectives fulfil?
- A. They must be consistent with the IS Policy
- B. They must be achievable
- C. They must be communicated appropriately
- D. They must always be measured
- E. They must be available as documented information
- F. They must always be monitored
- G. They must be reviewed annually
- H. They must be clear and unambiguous
Answer: A,B,C,E
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.2, information security objectives are the specific results that an organisation intends to achieve with its information security management system (ISMS). The standard specifies that information security objectives must fulfil the following criteria:
They must be communicated appropriately (A): The organisation must ensure that the relevant internal and external parties are informed about the information security objectives and their roles and responsibilities in achieving them. This can help to create awareness, commitment, and accountability for information security. This criterion is related to clause 6.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
They must be available as documented information (B): The organisation must maintain and retain documented information on the information security objectives, including their scope, level, indicators, and time frame. This can help to provide evidence, traceability, and consistency for information security. This criterion is related to clause 6.2.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
They must be consistent with the IS Policy (G): The organisation must ensure that the information security objectives are aligned with the information security policy, which is the top-level statement of the organisation's intentions and direction for information security. This can help to support the strategic objectives and the context of the organisation. This criterion is related to clause 5.2 of ISO/IEC
27001:2022.
They must be achievable (H): The organisation must ensure that the information security objectives are realistic and attainable, considering the available resources, capabilities, and constraints. This can help to avoid setting unrealistic or unfeasible expectations and to monitor and measure the progress and performance of information security. This criterion is related to clause 6.2.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements1 PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor2 ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor - PECB3 ISO 27001:2022 certified ISMS lead auditor - Jisc4 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Transition Training Course5 ISO 27001 - Information Security Lead Auditor Course - PwC Training Academy6
NEW QUESTION # 96
You are carrying out your first third-party ISMS surveillance audit as an Audit Team Leader. You are presently in the auditee's data centre with another member of your audit team.
Your colleague seems unsure as to the difference between an information security event and an information security incident. You attempt to explain the difference by providing examples.
Which three of the following scenarios can be defined as information security incidents?
- A. An employee fails to clear their desk at the end of their shift
- B. The organisation's malware protection software prevents a virus
- C. An unhappy employee changes payroll records without permission
- D. The organisation fails a third-party penetration test
- E. A contractor who has not been paid deletes top management ICT accounts
- F. The organisation receives a phishing email
- G. The organisation's marketing data is copied by hackers and sold to a competitor
- H. A hard drive is used after its recommended replacement date
Answer: C,E,G
Explanation:
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27000:2018, which provides an overview and vocabulary of information security management systems, an information security event is an identified occurrence of a system, service or network state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, or a previously unknown situation that may be security relevant1. An information security incident is a single or a series of unwanted or unexpected information security events that have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security1. Therefore, based on this definition, three examples of information security incidents are:
* A contractor who has not been paid deletes top management ICT accounts: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in loss of access, data, or functionality for the top management.
* An unhappy employee changes payroll records without permission: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in financial fraud, legal liability, or reputational damage for the organization.
* The organisation's marketing data is copied by hackers and sold to a competitor: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in loss of confidentiality, competitive advantage, or customer trust for the organization.
The other options are not examples of information security incidents, but rather information security events that may or may not lead to incidents depending on their impact and severity. For example:
* The organisation's malware protection software prevents a virus: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it is prevented by the malware protection software.
* A hard drive is used after its recommended replacement date: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless it fails or causes other problems.
* The organisation receives a phishing email: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a network state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless it is opened or responded to by the recipient.
* An employee fails to clear their desk at the end of their shift: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a service state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless the desk contains sensitive or confidential information that is accessed by unauthorized persons.
* The organisation fails a third-party penetration test: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless the penetration test reveals serious vulnerabilities that are exploited by malicious actors.
References: ISO/IEC 27000:2018 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Overview and vocabulary
NEW QUESTION # 97
All are prohibited in acceptable use of information assets, except:
- A. E-mail copies to non-essential readers
- B. Company-wide e-mails with supervisor/TL permission.
- C. Electronic chain letters
- D. Messages with very large attachments or to a large number ofrecipients.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 98
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