[Nov-2026] CMMC-CCA Dumps PDF - CMMC-CCA Real Exam Questions Answers
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Cyber AB CMMC-CCA Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 75
A C3PAO is conducting a Level 2 assessment of a midsized construction contractor that does both private (commercial) and federal work. The contractor's documentation states that all CUI flows through a single building on their office campus and is logically, physically, and administratively isolated from the rest of the environment. Why might an assessor request access to assess controls within a building or area not listed as in- scope in the documentation?
- A. If network diagrams indicate the commercial and federal sectors share a single Internet connection
- B. If the assessor sees personnel carrying locked cases into the other building or area
- C. If the OSC has an underground passageway connecting the CUI building to a non-CUI building
- D. If Human Resources that supports both commercial and federal sectors sits in the other building or area
Answer: A
Explanation:
A shared Internet connection indicates that Security Protection Assets (SPAs) are present and serving both the CUI environment and other parts of the enterprise. SPAs are always in-scope regardless of where they are located, because they provide security protections for CUI. Therefore, if documentation or diagrams show that the commercial and federal environments share a single Internet connection, the assessor must request access to the other building to confirm proper implementation and isolation.
Exact Extracts (from CMMC Assessor/Study documents):
* "Security Protection Assets provide security functions or capabilities within the OSA's CMMC Assessment Scope. Security Protection Assets are part of the CMMC Assessment Scope and are assessed against Level 2 security requirements that are relevant to the capabilities provided."
* "Contractor Risk Managed Assets are not required to be physically or logically separated from CUI Assets... If documentation or other findings raise questions about these assets, the assessor can conduct a limited check to identify deficiencies."
* "Separation... is required only for Out-of-Scope Assets. Isolation can be achieved... by implementing subnetworks with firewalls or other boundary protection devices."
* "The CMMC Assessment Scope includes all assets in the OSA's environment that will be assessed...
OSAs will be required to provide a network diagram of the CMMC Assessment Scope to facilitate scoping discussions during pre-assessment."
* "An OSC can obtain a Level 2 certification assessment for an entire enterprise network or for a specific enclave(s), depending upon how the CMMC Assessment Scope is defined..." Why the other options are not correct:
* A (locked cases): Physical movement of materials does not establish scope. Scoping is determined by CUI flow and security protection assets, not incidental observation of personnel activities.
* B (underground passageway): Physical tunnels or building connections do not affect scope unless they result in shared IT/security functions.
* D (HR location): HR is not a SPA because it does not provide security functions to protect CUI.
Unless HR systems process or store CUI directly, they remain out of scope.
References (official CCA/CMMC documents):
* CMMC Assessment Scope - Level 2, Version 2.13 (Scoping Guide): Asset Categories, SPA definitions and examples; CRMA limited-check language; Separation requirements; network diagram requirements (pp. 3-13).
* CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, Version 2.13: Assessment scope, enclave validation, and assessor methods (pp. 1-4, 8-10).
NEW QUESTION # 76
A CCA is assessing an OSC that uses a complex multi-cloud architecture with resources distributed across multiple Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). During the evaluation, the CCA encounters challenges in verifying the authorization methods used for external connections to the various cloud resources (AC.L1-3.1.20).
Additionally, the assessor finds limited documentation of the cryptographic mechanisms implemented to protect the confidentiality of remote access sessions (AC.L2-3.1.13) to cloud-based data. While the OSC has network monitoring tools in place, the sheer volume of data makes it difficult to identify and track specific remote access activities. What challenges might the CCA face while assessing the OSC's cloud and hybrid environment for compliance with CMMC remote access requirements?
- A. Outdated network infrastructure and insufficient bandwidth
- B. Excessive focus on physical security measures while neglecting logical controls
- C. Difficulty in verifying external connection authorization methods and limited evidence of cryptographic mechanisms for remote access
- D. Difficulty verifying access control policies and lack of qualified personnel
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
In a multi-cloud environment, assessing AC.L1-3.1.20 (external connection authorization) and AC.L2-3.1.13 (remote access confidentiality) is complex due to distributed resources and reliance on CSP controls. The CCA faces challenges in verifying how external connections are authorized (e.g., inconsistent methods across CSPs) and in obtaining sufficient evidence of cryptographic mechanisms (e.g., limited documentation of TLS or VPN use), as noted in the scenario. The volume of data further complicates tracking specific remote access activities, aligning with CAP guidance on evidence collection in hybrid environments.
Option A (outdated infrastructure) is unrelated to the described cloud context. Option B (physical security focus) is irrelevant to remote access controls. Option C (policy verification and personnel) is less specific than the scenario's focus on authorization and cryptography evidence. Option D precisely captures the challenges, making it the correct answer.
Reference Extract:
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 4.3:"Cloud environments may present challenges in verifying external controls and cryptographic evidence due to distributed architectures."
* NIST SP 800-171A, AC-3.1.20 & AC-3.1.13:"Assessors must verify authorization and cryptography across all external connections."Resources:https://cyberab.org/Portals/0/Documents/Process- Documents/CMMC-Assessment-Process-CAP-v1.0.pdf;https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/171/a/final
NEW QUESTION # 77
An OSC is planning a CMMC Level 2 assessment that your C3PAO will conduct. In Phase 1.6.1 - Access and Verify Evidence, as the Lead Assessor, you are verifying the existence and accessibility of the evidence provided by the OSC. While reviewing the list of evidence mapped against the CMMC practices, you discover that the OSC cannot locate several critical system security policies for key IT systems supporting their DoD contracts. These missing policies are essential for demonstrating compliance with various CMMC practices related to access control, incident response, and system maintenance. According to the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), which of the following is not permitted for the Lead Assessor to do during the evidence verification stage?
- A. Review the content of the evidence to identify potential weaknesses.
- B. Verify that the evidence exists and is accessible.
- C. Offer advice on how the OSC can improve the sufficiency of their evidence.
- D. Ensure that no proprietary data is included in the evidence for review.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
During Phase 1.6.1, the Lead Assessor's role is to verify the existence, accessibility, and relevance of evidence, not to provide consulting or improvement advice, which is explicitly prohibited by the CAP to maintain objectivity. Option A (reviewing content) is part of the verification process. OptionB (ensuring no proprietary data) is a reasonable precaution, though not explicitly mandated. Option C (verifying existence and accessibility) is a core duty. Option D (offering advice) violates the CAP's strict separation between assessment and consulting roles, ensuring impartiality.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 1.6.1 - Access and Verify Evidence (pg. 19):"At no time during this preliminary review of the Evidence shall the Assessment Team provide any advice or recommendation on how the OSC could improve or enhance the sufficiency or adequacy of their presented Evidence." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 1.6.1.
NEW QUESTION # 78
An OSC has a large multi-building facility. One building is used as the OSC's data center. A guard is stationed at the entrance to the data center. A vendor engineer comes onsite to perform maintenance on the storage array in the data center. The guard knows the engineer well and has the engineer fill out the visitor log with the contact person's name and phone number, the reason for the visit, and the date and time. Since the guard has known the engineer for many years, what is the BEST step the guard should take?
- A. Call the contact person and let her know that the engineer is onsite and give the engineer a temporary badge to enter the data center.
- B. Call the contact person to have her come down and escort the engineer to the array and stay with the engineer until the maintenance is complete.
- C. Call the operations center to give the engineer temporary access to enter the data center and escort the engineer to the array and leave.
- D. Call the operations center to have one of the admins escort the engineer to the array and stay with the engineer until the maintenance is complete.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Physical Protection (PE) practices require that visitors to facilities where CUI is processed must be escorted at all times by an authorized individual. Familiarity or long-term knowledge of the visitor does not remove the requirement.
Extract from PE.L2-3.10.3:
"Escort visitors and monitor visitor activity to ensure they do not access areas or information for which they are not authorized." Thus, the correct action is for the contact person (the engineer's point of contact) to escort the engineer during the entire maintenance activity.
Reference: CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, PE.L2-3.10.3.
NEW QUESTION # 79
A contractor allows for the use of mobile devices in contract performance. Some employees access designs and specifications classified as CUI on such devices like tablets and smartphones. After assessing AC.L2-
3.1.18 - Mobile Device Connection, you find that the contractor maintains a meticulous record of mobile devices that connect to its information systems. AC.L2-3.1.19 - Encrypt CUI on Mobile requires that the contractor implements measures to encrypt CUI on mobile devices and mobile computing platforms. The contractor uses device-based encryption where all the data on a mobile device is encrypted. Which of the following is a reason why would you recommend container-based over full-device-based encryption?
- A. Container-based encryption offers granular control over sensitive data, improves device performance by encrypting selectively, and enhances security in Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) environments
- B. Container-based encryption is more cost-effective
- C. It is more user-friendly and easier to deploy on a large scale
- D. Full-device encryption is not compatible with modern mobile operating systems
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
AC.L2-3.1.19 requires "encrypting CUI on mobile devices." Full-device encryption secures all data, but container-based encryption (A) offers granularity (protecting only CUI), performance (less overhead), and BYOD compatibility (separating work/personal data), enhancing security and usability. Cost (B) and ease (C) aren't primary drivers, and full-device encryption (D) is compatible with modern OSes, per CMMC discussion.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), AC.L2-3.1.19: "Container-based encryption provides granular control, performance, and BYOD support."
* NIST SP 800-171A, 3.1.19: "Assess encryption methods for effectiveness." Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 80
During a CMMC assessment for an OSC, the Point of Contact (POC) mentioned they conducted a self- assessment beforehand. The self-assessment was part of the organization's preparations for the CMMC assessment by your C3PAO. Which publication offers the best guidance for the self-assessment procedures OSCs might use for CMMC compliance?
- A. NIST SP 800-171A
- B. DFARS Clause 252.204-7012
- C. NIST SP 800-171
- D. NIST SP 800-172
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
NIST SP 800-171A provides detailed assessment procedures for evaluating NIST SP 800-171 security requirements, which underpin CMMC Level 2. It offers flexible methods (examine, interview, test) for self- assessments, making it the best guidance for OSCs preparing for CMMC, as noted in the CAP. Option A (DFARS 252.204-7012) specifies compliance requirements, not assessment procedures. Option B (NIST SP
800-171) lists controls, not how to assess them. Option C (NIST SP 800-172) addresses enhanced requirements beyond Level 2. Option D is the correct answer.
Reference Extract:
* NIST SP 800-171A, Introduction:"Provides assessment procedures for NIST SP 800-171, suitable for self-assessments or third-party evaluations."
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 1.2:"NIST SP 800-171A guides self-assessment preparation."Resources:https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/171/a/final;https://cyberab.org/Portals/0
/Documents/Process-Documents/CMMC-Assessment-Process-CAP-v1.0.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 81
A CCA is conducting a CMMC assessment and discovers that the OSC's evidence includes a policy that contradicts a practice's objectives (e.g., allowing unrestricted access when restricted access is required). The OSC claims it's a typo and the practice is followed correctly. How should the CCA proceed?
- A. Accept the OSC's claim and score the practice as "MET" based on their assurance.
- B. Request the OSC to correct the policy document during the assessment.
- C. Score the practice as "NOT MET" due to the contradictory policy.
- D. Document the contradiction as an evidence gap and assess based on observed practice implementation.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CAP requires documenting contradictions as gaps and assessing all evidence (Option B). Option A lacks verification, Option C is premature, and Option D is consulting.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 2.2 - Conduct Assessment (pg. 25):"Document contradictions between policy and practice as evidence gaps and assess based on implementation." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 2.2.
NEW QUESTION # 82
When assessing an OSC's implementation of the System and Information Integrity (SI) practices, you examine their system and information integrity policy. You find that they have documented procedures addressing system monitoring tools and techniques, along with a monitoring strategy. The OSC has implemented a user behavior analytics tool to detect abnormal behavior anddeviations from normal patterns.
To ensure that only authorized users access the system, the OSC uses robust access controls and regularly audits security and system logs for unusual activities. Interviewing the network administration team, you learn they use a network monitoring tool to track inbound and outbound network traffic and identify any distinctive patterns that may suggest unauthorized use. You also learn that they use an IDS to identify suspicious activities, which are aggregated and analyzed using a state-of-the-art SIEM. The scenario mentions that the OSC uses a network monitoring tool to track inbound and outbound traffic and identify unusual patterns.
However, it does not provide details on the tool's specific techniques or methods. Which of the following techniques would be most relevant for the assessor to inquire about during the assessment?
- A. Signature-based detection techniques
- B. Anomaly-based detection techniques
- C. Deep packet inspection techniques
- D. Both signature-based and anomaly-based detection techniques
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
CMMC practice SI.L2-3.14.6 - Monitor Communications for Attacks requires organizations to "monitor organizational communications at external boundaries and key internal boundaries for attacks or indicators of potential attacks." Effective monitoring typically employs bothsignature-based detection(identifying known threats via predefined patterns) andanomaly-based detection(flagging deviations from normal behavior), as these complementary techniques provide comprehensive coverage against known and emerging threats. The OSC's use of IDS, SIEM, and user behavior analytics suggests a mix of capabilities, but the specific techniques aren't detailed. Inquiring about both (C) ensures the assessor verifies a robust approach, as recommended by the CMMC guide. Anomaly-based (A) or signature-based (B) alone are insufficient, and while deep packet inspection (D) is useful, it's a narrower method not explicitly required.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), SI.L2-3.14.6: "Monitoring includes signature-based and anomaly-based detection to identify attacks."
* NIST SP 800-171A, 3.14.6: "Interview personnel to determine monitoring techniques, including signature and anomaly detection." Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 83
An Assessor is examining documents provided by the OSC POC. While reviewing them, the Assessor notes that several of the procedures have very current dates while the bulk do not. What should the Assessor do in order to decide if these new documents are acceptable as evidence?
- A. Determine if the people involved in writing the procedures are on the list of those who can be interviewed.
- B. Determine the outlined reasonableness of the procedures.
- C. Set up an observation session to determine if the procedures are in use and people are knowledgeable of their deployment and use.
- D. Ensure the documents were approved by a senior-level manager.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Applicable Requirement (CAP Evidence Standards): Evidence must be objective and demonstrate implementation. Newly created documentation may exist only for assessment purposes, so the assessor must validate whether the documented procedures are actually in practice.
* Why D is Correct: Observation sessions confirm that personnel are knowledgeable about and actively following the documented procedures. This ensures the documents reflect actual implementation rather than being created solely for assessment.
Why Other Options Are Insufficient:
* A: Approval shows authority but does not prove procedures are implemented.
* B: Subjective determination of "reasonableness" is not an approved assessment method.
* C: Identifying authors does not validate implementation.
References (CCA Official Sources):
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0 - Evidence Collection and Triangulation
* CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, Section on Evidence Requirements
* NIST SP 800-171A - Assessment Methods: examine, interview, observe
NEW QUESTION # 84
You are a CCA reviewing the security measures for a defense contractor seeking CMMC Level 2 compliance.
CMMC practice PE.L2-3.10.6 - Alternative Work Sites requires the organization to safeguard CUI at alternate work sites, like employee home offices. You are examining their list of safeguards and the system security plan to assess their compliance. When assessing a contractor's implementation of CMMC practice PE.
L2-3.10.6 - Alternative Work Sites, which of the following would be the least effective method for gathering information?
- A. Using Full Disk Encryption (FDE) or container-based encryption to encrypt CUI when stored or transmitted from or to alternate work sites
- B. Deploying a patch management and anti-malware solution for every laptop or desktop on the alternate worksite
- C. Employing technologically savvy guards to man the alternate worksite
- D. Requiring remote staff connecting to their internal networks to use a VPN that prevents split tunneling and requires multifactor authentication to verify remote users are who they claim to be
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
PE.L2-3.10.6 requires "safeguarding CUI at alternate work sites." Effective methods focus on technical controls like encryption (A), patch management (C), and secure VPNs (D), which directly protect CUI data and systems. Employing guards (B) is a physical security measure suited for controlled facilities, not distributed alternate sites like homes, making it least effective for gathering information on CUI protection in this context. The CMMC guide emphasizes technical safeguards over physical presence at remote locations.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), PE.L2-3.10.6: "Implement technical safeguards (e.g., encryption, VPN) for CUI at alternate work sites."
* NIST SP 800-171A, 3.10.6: "Examine technical controls, not physical guarding, for remote site compliance." Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 85
The Cyber AB has completed an investigation into a report submitted by a CCA regarding a potential violation by another CCA. They have determined that the violation falls within the scope of the relevant Industry Working Group's authority. What is the likely course of action for the Cyber AB in this scenario?
- A. Continue the investigation and make a final determination on the violation.
- B. Immediately suspend the CCA's certification pending the working group's resolution.
- C. Dismiss the investigation as it falls outside Cyber AB's direct authority.
- D. Refer the incident to the relevant Industry Working Group for resolution, which may include remediation, coaching, or termination, with a right of appeal.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CoPC delegates certain violations to Industry Working Groups, with Cyber AB referring them for resolution. Option A (continuing) oversteps this delegation. Option C (suspension) is premature. Option D (dismissing) ignores process. Option B is correct.
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 4.1(4)(a) - Violation Resolution (pg. 10):"Refer incidents to the relevant Industry Working Group for resolution, which may include remediation or termination, with a right of appeal." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 4.1(4)(a).
NEW QUESTION # 86
A representative of a CMMC Level 2 certified DoD contractor has reached out to you as a CCA for an explanation of FedRAMP equivalency. They want to use a Cloud Service Offering (CSO) from a renowned CSP, but in light of the DoD FedRAMP equivalency memo, they are reluctant. In your conversation, you learn that although the CSO has impressive features, the assessment by a FedRAMP 3PAO resulted in a Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M) that the CSP is remedying. What is the main reason the contractor shouldn't use the CSP's services?
- A. The CSP has not closed out the POA&Ms
- B. The CSO hasn't fully met (100%) FedRAMP Moderate or equivalent baselines
- C. The CSO has not been given JAB P-ATO
- D. The CSO is not DFARS 252.204-7019 compliant
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The DoD FedRAMP Equivalency Memo (January 2024) requires CSOs to be 100% compliant with FedRAMP Moderate baselines, assessed by a 3PAO, without POA&Ms. Open POA&Ms (Option A) indicate noncompliance, but the core issue is Option D-failure to fully meet the baseline, per DFARS 252.204-7012.
Option B is unrelated to FedRAMP. Option C (JAB P-ATO) isn't required. Option D is the correct answer.
Reference Extract:
* DoD FedRAMP Equivalency Memo (January 2024):"CSOs must be 100% FedRAMP Moderate compliant, no POA&Ms allowed."Resources:https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/Library
/FEDRAMP-EquivalencyCloudServiceProviders.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 87
When assessing a contractor's implementation of CMMC practices, you examine its System Security Plan (SSP) to identify its documented measures for audit reduction and reporting. They have a dedicated section in their SSP addressing the Audit and Accountability requirements. You proceed to interview their information security personnel, who informed you that the contractor has a dedicated Security Operations Center (SOC) and uses Splunk to reduce and report audit logs. What key features regarding the deployment of Splunk for AU.L2-3.3.6 - Reduction & Reporting would you be interested in assessing?
- A. Ensure Splunk can support compliance dashboards that provide real-time visibility into CMMC compliance status
- B. Ensure Splunk can retain audit records for a protracted amount of time
- C. Ensure that Splunk employs various filter rules for reducing audit logs to eliminate non-essential data and processes to analyze large volumes of log files or audit information, identifying anomalies and summarizing the data in a format more meaningful to analysts, thus generating customized reports
- D. Ensure that Splunk is configured with appropriate RBAC to restrict access to log data, reports,and dashboards, ensuring that only authorized personnel can view or modify audit logs
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
CMMC practice AU.L2-3.3.6 - Reduction & Reporting requires organizations to "provide audit reduction and report generation capabilities to support after-the-fact investigations without altering original records." The objectives are: [a] reducing audit records by filtering non-essential data, and [b] generating reports for analysis. Splunk, a SIEM tool, is deployed, and the assessor must evaluate its alignment with these goals.
* Option C: Filter rules for reduction and analysis/reporting processes- This directly addresses the practice's core requirements: reducing logs (e.g., filtering noise) and generating meaningful reports (e.
g., anomaly detection, summaries). These features ensure Splunk meets AU.L2-3.3.6's intent, making it the key focus.
* Option A: RBAC for access restriction- Relevant to AU.L2-3.3.8 (Audit Protection), not reduction
/reporting; it's a security control, not a capability of this practice.
* Option B: Retention time- Pertains to AU.L2-3.3.2 (Audit Retention), not reduction/reporting functionality.
* Option D: Compliance dashboards- Useful but not required by AU.L2-3.3.6; the focus is on reduction and reporting, not real-time compliance visibility.
Why C?The CMMC guide specifies assessing tools for reduction (filtering) and reporting (analysis/report generation), and Splunk's effectiveness hinges on these features, per the scenario's SOC context.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), AU.L2-3.3.6: "Examine tools for capabilities to [a] reduce audit records by filtering non-essential data, and [b] generate reports identifying anomalies and summarizing data."
* NIST SP 800-171A, 3.3.6: "Assess reduction and reporting functions, such as filtering and customized report generation." Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 88
A CCA was part of an Assessment Team tasked with conducting a CMMC assessment for an OSC. Happy to have been part of the team that completed the assessment, the CCA posted the OSC's assessment results on their Twitter/X account. Which CMMC Code of Professional Conduct (CoPC) principle has the CCA violated?
- A. Proper Use of Methods
- B. Availability
- C. Confidentiality
- D. Objectivity
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Posting results publicly breaches Confidentiality (Option C), not Availability (Option A), Methods (Option B), or Objectivity (Option D).
Extract from Official Document (CoPC):
* Paragraph 2.3 - Confidentiality (pg. 5):"Maintain confidentiality of all information learned during the assessment." References:
CMMC Code of Professional Conduct, Paragraph 2.3.
NEW QUESTION # 89
You are a Lead Assessor tasked with conducting a CMMC Assessment for an OSC seeking to secure its CMMC Level 2 certification. The OSC has previously conducted a self-assessment and engaged a Registered Practitioner Organization (RPO) for a preliminary evaluation. As part of the CMMC Assessment process, you begin by determining the necessary evidence for each practice or process across the OSC's organizational functional areas. You consider both the adequacy and sufficiency of the evidence in relation to the CMMC's requirements. After initial preparations, you and the OSC's POC schedule a joint review session to align on the scope and expectations for the upcoming assessment. What is the primary focus of the 'Sufficiency' criterion during the evidence verification process in a CMMC assessment?
- A. Checking if the evidence includes the latest cybersecurity trends and technologies.
- B. Ensuring the evidence covers a wide range of cybersecurity threats.
- C. Confirming the evidence has been reviewed and approved by all stakeholders.
- D. Sufficiency verifies that there is enough evidence to comprehensively assess each practice against the CMMC Assessment scope.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
'Sufficiency' ensures there's enough evidence to assess all practices within scope, not stakeholder approval (Option A), trends (Option C), or threat coverage (Option D). Option B is the CAP focus.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 2.1 - Evidence Collection (pg. 24):"Sufficiency verifies that there is enough evidence to comprehensively assess each practice against the CMMC Assessment scope." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 2.1.
NEW QUESTION # 90
When examining a contractor's access control policy and SSP, you observe that system administrators routinely use accounts with elevated privileges for checking email and browsing internal websites. What CMMC practice does this violate?
- A. AC.L2-3.1.2
- B. AC.L2-3.1.4
- C. AC.L2-3.1.7
- D. AC.L2-3.1.6
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
CMMC practice AC.L2-3.1.6 - Non-Privileged Account Use requires organizations to "use non-privileged accounts or roles when performing non-security functions." Using privileged accounts for routine tasks like email and browsing violates this practice, increasing the risk of privilege misuse or compromise. AC.L2-3.1.7 (A) restricts privileged functions, AC.L2-3.1.4 (C) addresses separation of duties, and AC.L2-3.1.2 (D) limits access-none specifically target non-security use of privileged accounts. The CMMC guide emphasizes least privilege for non-security activities.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), AC.L2-3.1.6: "Require non-privileged accounts for non- security functions such as email and web browsing."
* NIST SP 800-171A, 3.1.6: "Examine account usage to ensure privileged accounts are not used for non- security tasks." Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 91
The assessment team is discussing the pre-assessment scope with an OSC. The OSC would like to limit the scope of the security requirements in environments that contain FCI and/or CUI. In this case, the OSC should:
- A. Request a single CMMC certification for both activities
- B. Choose to conduct two separate CMMC certification activities
- C. Define a CMMC Self-Assessment Scope for only those assets that process, store, or transmit CUI
- D. Define an Assessment Scope for those assets that process, store, or transmit FCI
Answer: B
Explanation:
If an OSC wishes to separate environments that process FCI from those that process CUI, they may pursue two separate CMMC certifications (Level 1 for FCI and Level 2 for CUI). A single certification cannot cover both environments unless all requirements for the higher level are met across the entire enterprise.
Exact Extracts:
* CMMC Assessment Guide: "An OSC may choose to undergo multiple CMMC certification activities if they wish to limit scope between FCI and CUI environments."
* "Level 1 applies to safeguarding FCI, while Level 2 applies to CUI; separate certifications may be pursued if the OSC chooses to segregate these environments." Why the other options are not correct:
* A: A single certification would require all assets to meet Level 2 controls, which may not be the OSC's intent.
* C: Defining scope for FCI only aligns with Level 1, but this does not meet Level 2 certification requirements for CUI.
* D: A self-assessment scope only applies to Level 1 assessments, not Level 2 third-party certification.
References:
CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, Version 2.13: Scope determination for FCI vs CUI (pp. 3-5).
DoD CMMC Program documentation: Multiple certification options.
NEW QUESTION # 92
A company has four waterjet machines with very limited computing capabilities. The company loads CUI onto these machines for machining parts and uses CUI as necessary for machining.
Should these waterjet machines be part of the CMMC Assessment?
- A. No, these waterjet machines are Out-of-Scope Assets and do not need to be assessed.
- B. Yes, these waterjet machines are Specialized Assets that are within the scope of a CMMC Assessment.
- C. Yes, these waterjet machines are CUI Assets that must be assessed because they handle CUI.
- D. No, these waterjet machines are Contractor Risk Managed Assets and do not need to be assessed.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The CMMC Scoping Guidance defines Specialized Assets (e.g., OT, IoT, test equipment, manufacturing machines) that may process CUI but do not always meet traditional IT security requirements. These assets are still within scope and must be documented and assessed as Specialized Assets.
Extract:
"Specialized Assets are defined as operational technology, IoT, test equipment, and similar devices that may process CUI but cannot be secured in the same manner as standard assets. They remain in-scope for the assessment." Thus, waterjet machines are Specialized Assets in scope.
Reference: CMMC Scoping Guidance - Specialized Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 93
A CMMC assessment involves testing, examining, and interviewing various assessment objects. The definition of an assessment object is provided in NIST SP 800-171A. Which of the following can an Assessment Object NOT be?
- A. Individuals
- B. Specifications
- C. Activities
- D. Examine
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
NIST SP 800-171A defines Assessment Objects as items assessed (specifications, mechanisms, activities, individuals). "Examine" (Option D) is an assessment method, not an object, per NIST and CMMC guidelines.
Options A, B, and C are valid objects, making Option D the correct answer.
Reference Extract:
* NIST SP 800-171A, Introduction:"Assessment objects include specifications, mechanisms, activities, and individuals; methods are examine, interview, test."Resources:https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/171
/a/final
NEW QUESTION # 94
An OSC previously received a Conditional CMMC Level 2 Certification during Phase 3 of the assessment process. The OSC has been working on implementing a POA&M to address the practice deficiencies identified during the initial assessment. Now, within 180 days from the Final Recommended Findings Briefing, you are to conduct a POA&M Closeout Assessment. As the Lead Assessor, you and your assessment team review the OSC's updated POA&M, accompanying evidence, and any scheduled observations, interviews, or tests with the aim of validating the implementation of the corrective actions. If any practices on the POA&M review fail to result in a score of 'MET,' what should the Lead Assessor recommend?
- A. Update the POA&M with the remaining practice deficiencies for the OSC to address.
- B. Extend the timeframe for the OSC to address the remaining practice deficiencies.
- C. Conduct a follow-up assessment to review the remaining practice deficiencies.
- D. Recommend the OSC NOT be recommended for CMMC Level 2 Final Certification.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CAP mandates that if any POA&M practices fail to score 'MET' during the Closeout Assessment, the Lead Assessor must recommend against Final Certification, requiring the OSC to reapply after corrections.
Options A, C, and D do not align with this requirement.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 3.4 - POA&M Closeout Assessment (pg. 35):"If any practices on the POA&M Review fail to result in a score of 'MET,' the Lead Assessor will recommend that the OSC NOT be recommended for CMMC Level 2 Final Certification." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 3.4.
NEW QUESTION # 95
Certified CMMC Assessors must follow assessment procedures when conducting CMMC assessments. These procedures include a series of steps and tools that the CCA will use in the course of their duties. Which of the following is not part of an assessment procedure?
- A. Assessment Objects
- B. Assessment Objective
- C. Assessment procedure depth and coverage
- D. Assessment Method
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) and NIST SP 800-171A define assessment procedures asconsisting of Assessment Methods (examine, interview, test), Assessment Objects (e.g., policies, personnel), and Assessment Objectives (specific determinations). Depth and coverage (Option C) are attributes that guide the rigor of the assessment approach but are not components of the procedure itself. They influence how methods are applied, not the procedure's structure. Options A, B, and D are explicit parts of the procedure per NIST SP
800-171A, making Option C the correct answer as it is not a direct component.
Reference Extract:
* NIST SP 800-171A, Introduction:"Assessment procedures include objectives, methods, and objects; depth and coverage are attributes applied to these."
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 4.1:"Procedures consist of methods, objects, and objectives."Resources:https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/171/a/final;https://cyberab.org/Portals/0
/Documents/Process-Documents/CMMC-Assessment-Process-CAP-v1.0.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 96
After thoroughly evaluating the evidence gathered, the Assessment Team has generated their preliminary findings and recommendations for the OSC's target CMMC level. However, before finalizing the results, they need to validate their findings through a review process. Once the Preliminary Recommended Findings have been generated and validated, the Assessment Team needs to properly record them in the appropriate document or system. Where should the Assessment Team enter or record the preliminary recommended findings after generating and validating them?
- A. CMMC Assessment In-Brief Template
- B. Daily Checkpoint Log
- C. In the CMMC Assessment Findings Brief.
- D. In the CMMC Assessment Results Template.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CAP specifies that Preliminary Recommended Findings, after validation, are recorded in the CMMC Assessment Findings Brief, which summarizes practice scores and findings. Option A is for final results, Option B is for daily notes, and Option D is for initial planning.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 2.4 - Generate Preliminary Findings (pg. 29):"The Assessment Team shall enter Preliminary Recommended Findings in the CMMC Assessment Findings Brief after generating and validating them." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 2.4.
NEW QUESTION # 97
You are a Lead Assessor working with your C3PAO to conduct a CMMC Assessment for an OSC. During the preparation and planning phase, you meet with the OSC's Assessment Official to identify the resources and schedule for the upcoming assessment. Together, you review the OSC's pre-assessment information to estimate the level of effort required. You then collaborate to determine the specific resources needed, including the Assessment Team members, facilities, and any support personnel from the OSC. You also discuss scheduling factors like duration, key activities, and potential constraints. Based on these discussions, you develop a Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) cost estimate and a proposed daily schedule for the assessment activities. What is your primary responsibility in identifying resources and schedule during Phase
1?
- A. Selecting the assessment team members and their roles.
- B. Verifying that all planning requirements are met when constructing the ROM estimate.
- C. Finalizing the contract agreement between the C3PAO and OSC.
- D. Determining the overall cost estimate for the assessment.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The CAP designates the Lead Assessor's primary Phase 1 responsibility as ensuring all planning requirements (e.g., scope, resources, schedule) are met for the ROM, not finalizing contracts (Option A), selecting team members (Option B, a C3PAO task), or just cost estimation (Option C). Option D encompasses the full scope.
Extract from Official Document (CAP v1.0):
* Section 1.5 - Assessment Planning (pg. 16):"The Lead Assessor is responsible for verifying that all planning requirements are met when constructing the ROM estimate." References:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0, Section 1.5.
NEW QUESTION # 98
An OSC seeking Level 2 certification wants to develop and launch a website for customers to purchase items online and submit contact forms. The OSC plans to host the web server in their own data center while also maintaining the security of their internal IT environment. Based on this information, what would be the BEST approach?
- A. Relocate the server to a different office location to protect the OSC's LAN
- B. Configure the server to protect against object reuse and residual information via shared system resources for an additional layer of security to the OSC's LAN
- C. Configure a DMZ for an additional layer of security to the OSC's LAN to host the publicly accessible server
- D. Configure a firewall rule to only allow internal traffic to communicate with the server for an additional layer of security to the OSC's LAN
Answer: C
Explanation:
Public-facing systems (such as web servers) must be separated from internal enterprise networks to limit exposure. CMMC (aligned with NIST SP 800-171 SC.L2-3.13.5 "Boundary Protection") specifies that placing public servers into a demilitarized zone (DMZ) provides a security buffer and prevents direct access from the internet into the internal LAN.
Exact extracts:
* "Publicly accessible systems should be placed on separate subnets or in DMZs."
* "Boundary protection devices should separate public servers from the enterprise network."
* "DMZs provide layered protection for internet-facing assets."
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A: Relocating the server physically does not provide network-layer security.
* C: Firewall rules allowing only internal traffic would prevent public access, defeating the purpose of a public website.
* D: Object reuse protections are unrelated to network boundary security.
References:
CMMC Assessment Guide - Level 2, SC.L2-3.13.5 "Boundary Protection."
NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2, 3.13.5.
NEW QUESTION # 99
While examining a contractor's audit and accountability policy, you realize they have documented types of events to be logged and defined content of audit records needed to support monitoring, analysis, investigation, and reporting of unlawful or unauthorized system activities. After the logs are analyzed, the results are fed into a system that automatically generates audit records stored for 30 days. However, mechanisms implementing system audit logging are lacking after several tests because they produce audit logs that are too limited. You find that generated logs cannot be independently used to identify the event they resulted from because the defined content specified therein is too limited. Additionally, you realize the logs are retained for
24 hours before they are automatically deleted. Which of the following is a potential assessment method for AU.L2-3.3.1 - System Auditing?
- A. Testing procedures addressing control of audit records
- B. Testing the system configuration settings and associated documentation
- C. Examining the mechanisms for implementing system audit logging
- D. Examine procedures addressing audit record generation
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
AU.L2-3.3.1 requires "creating and retaining audit records with sufficient content." Examining procedures (A) assesses if the defined content meets requirements, per NIST SP 800-171A's focus on documented processes. Testing procedures (B) and configs (C) are misaligned, and examining mechanisms (D) isn't a standard method here. The CMMC guide supports procedural examination.
Extract from Official CMMC Documentation:
* CMMC Assessment Guide Level 2 (v2.0), AU.L2-3.3.1: "Examine audit record generation procedures."
* NIST SP 800-171A, 3.3.1: "Examine documented processes."
Resources:
* https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/CMMC/AG_Level2_MasterV2.
0_FINAL_202112016_508.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 100
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