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The CEH Certification Exam is offered by the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (EC-Council), a leading organization in information security education and training. 312-50v12 exam is designed to evaluate an individual's knowledge of ethical hacking techniques, tools, and methodologies. It covers a wide range of topics, including network security, cryptography, computer forensics, and web application security.
NEW QUESTION # 201
What is the purpose of DNS AAAA record?
- A. Authorization, Authentication and Auditing record
- B. Address database record
- C. Address prefix record
- D. IPv6 address resolution record
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 202
which of the following information security controls creates an appealing isolated environment for hackers to prevent them from compromising critical targets while simultaneously gathering information about the hacker?
- A. Botnet
- B. intrusion detection system
- C. Honeypot
Answer: C
Explanation:
D Firewall
Explanation:
A honeypot may be a trap that an IT pro lays for a malicious hacker, hoping that they will interact with it during a way that gives useful intelligence. It's one among the oldest security measures in IT, but beware: luring hackers onto your network, even on an isolated system, are often a dangerous game. honeypot may be a good starting place: "A honeypot may be a computer or computing system intended to mimic likely targets of cyberattacks." Often a honeypot are going to be deliberately configured with known vulnerabilities in situation to form a more tempting or obvious target for attackers. A honeypot won't contain production data or participate in legitimate traffic on your network - that's how you'll tell anything happening within it's a results of an attack. If someone's stopping by, they're up to no good. That definition covers a various array of systems, from bare-bones virtual machines that only offer a couple of vulnerable systems to ornately constructed fake networks spanning multiple servers. and therefore the goals of these who build honeypots can vary widely also , starting from defense thorough to academic research. additionally , there's now an entire marketing category of deception technology that, while not meeting the strict definition of a honeypot, is certainly within the same family. But we'll get thereto during a moment. honeypots aim to permit close analysis of how hackers do their dirty work. The team controlling the honeypot can watch the techniques hackers use to infiltrate systems, escalate privileges, and otherwise run amok through target networks. These sorts of honeypots are found out by security companies, academics, and government agencies looking to look at the threat landscape. Their creators could also be curious about learning what kind of attacks are out there, getting details on how specific sorts of attacks work, or maybe trying to lure a specific hackers within the hopes of tracing the attack back to its source. These systems are often inbuilt fully isolated lab environments, which ensures that any breaches don't end in non-honeypot machines falling prey to attacks. Production honeypots, on the opposite hand, are usually deployed in proximity to some organization's production infrastructure, though measures are taken to isolate it the maximum amount as possible. These honeypots often serve both as bait to distract hackers who could also be trying to interrupt into that organization's network, keeping them faraway from valuable data or services; they will also function a canary within the coalpit , indicating that attacks are underway and are a minimum of partially succeeding.
NEW QUESTION # 203
You are attempting to crack LM Manager hashed from Windows 2000 SAM file. You will be using LM Brute force hacking tool for decryption. What encryption algorithm will you be decrypting?
- A. MD4
- B. SHA
- C. DES
- D. SSL
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 204
While performing an Nmap scan against a host, Paola determines the existence of a firewall. In an attempt to determine whether the firewall is stateful or stateless, which of the following options would be best to use?
- A. -sF
- B. -sX
- C. -sA
- D. -sT
Answer: C
Explanation:
-sA (TCP ACK scan)
This scan is different than the others discussed so far in that it never determines open (or even open|filtered) ports. It is used to map out firewall rulesets, determining whether they are stateful or not and which ports are filtered.
The ACK scan probe packet has only the ACK flag set (unless you use --scanflags). When scanning unfiltered systems, open and closed ports will both return a RST packet. Nmap then labels them as unfiltered, meaning that they are reachable by the ACK packet, but whether they are open or closed is undetermined. Ports that don't respond, or send certain ICMP error messages back (type 3, code 0, 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, or 13), are labeled filtered.
https://nmap.org/book/man-port-scanning-techniques.html
NEW QUESTION # 205
Consider the following Nmap output:
what command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server?
- A. -ss
- B. -Pn
- C. -sv
- D. -V
Answer: C
Explanation:
C:\Users\moi>nmap -h | findstr " -sV" -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
NEW QUESTION # 206
Which of the following allows attackers to draw a map or outline the target organization's network infrastructure to know about the actual environment that they are going to hack.
- A. Scanning networks
- B. Enumeration
- C. Malware analysis
- D. Vulnerability analysis
Answer: A
Explanation:
Objectives of Footprinting Draw Network Map - Combining footprinting techniques with tools such as Tracert allows the attacker to create diagrammatic representations of the target organization's network presence. Specficially, it allows attackers to draw a map or outline of the target organization's network infrastructure to know about the actual environment that they are going to break into. These network diagrams can guide the attacker in performing an attack. (P.114/98)
NEW QUESTION # 207
An attacker utilizes a Wi-Fi Pineapple to run an access point with a legitimate-looking SSID for a nearby business in order to capture the wireless password. What kind of attack is this?
- A. War driving attack
- B. MAC spoofing attack
- C. Phishing attack
- D. Evil-twin attack
Answer: D
Explanation:
Wireless Threats - Confidentiality Attacks Launch of Wireless Attacks: Evil Twin Evil Twin is a wireless AP that pretends to be a legitimate AP by replicating another network name. Attackers set up a rogue AP outside the corporate perimeter and lures users to sign into the wrong AP. (P.2297/2281)
NEW QUESTION # 208
Eve is spending her day scanning the library computers. She notices that Alice is using a computer whose port 445 is active and listening. Eve uses the ENUM tool to enumerate Alice machine. From the command prompt, she types the following command.
What is Eve trying to do?
- A. Eve is trying to escalate privilege of the null user to that of Administrator
- B. Eve is trying to carry out a password crack for user Administrator
- C. Eve is trying to enumerate all users with Administrative privileges
- D. Eve is trying to connect as a user with Administrator privileges
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 209
Harry. a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After preparing for the attack, he attempts to enter the target network using techniques such as sending spear-phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available servers. Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to establish an outbound connection. What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently executing?
- A. Persistence
- B. Preparation
- C. Cleanup
- D. initial intrusion
Answer: D
Explanation:
After the attacker completes preparations, subsequent step is an effort to realize an edge within the target's environment. a particularly common entry tactic is that the use of spearphishing emails containing an internet link or attachment. Email links usually cause sites where the target's browser and related software are subjected to varied exploit techniques or where the APT actors plan to social engineer information from the victim which will be used later. If a successful exploit takes place, it installs an initial malware payload on the victim's computer. Figure 2 illustrates an example of a spearphishing email that contains an attachment. Attachments are usually executable malware, a zipper or other archive containing malware, or a malicious Office or Adobe PDF (Portable Document Format) document that exploits vulnerabilities within the victim's applications to ultimately execute malware on the victim's computer. Once the user has opened a malicious file using vulnerable software, malware is executing on the target system. These phishing emails are often very convincing and difficult to differentiate from legitimate email messages. Tactics to extend their believability include modifying legitimate documents from or associated with the organization. Documents are sometimes stolen from the organization or their collaborators during previous exploitation operations. Actors modify the documents by adding exploits and malicious code then send them to the victims. Phishing emails are commonly sent through previously compromised email servers, email accounts at organizations associated with the target or public email services. Emails also can be sent through mail relays with modified email headers to form the messages appear to possess originated from legitimate sources. Exploitation of vulnerabilities on public-facing servers is another favorite technique of some APT groups. Though this will be accomplished using exploits for known vulnerabilities, 0-days are often developed or purchased to be used in intrusions as required .
NEW QUESTION # 210
This is an attack that takes advantage of a web site vulnerability in which the site displays content that includes un-sanitized user-provided data.
What is this attack?
- A. URL Traversal attack
- B. SQL Injection
- C. Buffer Overflow attack
- D. Cross-site-scripting attack
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 211
ViruXine.W32 virus hides their presence by changing the underlying executable code.
This Virus code mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact, the code changes itself each time it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all.
Here is a section of the Virus code:
What is this technique called?
- A. Polymorphic Virus
- B. Metamorphic Virus
- C. Stealth Virus
- D. Dravidic Virus
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 212
John, a professional hacker, decided to use DNS to perform data exfiltration on a target network, in this process, he embedded malicious data into the DNS protocol packets that even DNSSEC cannot detect. Using this technique. John successfully injected malware to bypass a firewall and maintained communication with the victim machine and C&C server. What is the technique employed by John to bypass the firewall?
- A. DNS enumeration
- B. DNS tunneling method
- C. DNS cache snooping
- D. DNSSEC zone walking
Answer: B
Explanation:
DNS tunneling may be a method wont to send data over the DNS protocol, a protocol which has never been intended for data transfer. due to that, people tend to overlook it and it's become a well-liked but effective tool in many attacks. Most popular use case for DNS tunneling is obtaining free internet through bypassing captive portals at airports, hotels, or if you are feeling patient the not-so-cheap on the wing Wi-Fi. On those shared internet hotspots HTTP traffic is blocked until a username/password is provided, however DNS traffic is usually still allowed within the background: we will encode our HTTP traffic over DNS and voila, we've internet access. This sounds fun but reality is, browsing anything on DNS tunneling is slow. Like, back to 1998 slow. Another more dangerous use of DNS tunneling would be bypassing network security devices (Firewalls, DLP appliances...) to line up an immediate and unmonitored communications channel on an organisation's network. Possibilities here are endless: Data exfiltration, fixing another penetration testing tool... you name it. To make it even more worrying, there's an outsized amount of easy to use DNS tunneling tools out there. There's even a minimum of one VPN over DNS protocol provider (warning: the planning of the web site is hideous, making me doubt on the legitimacy of it). As a pentester all this is often great, as a network admin not such a lot .
How does it work:
For those that ignoramus about DNS protocol but still made it here, i feel you deserve a really brief on what DNS does: DNS is sort of a phonebook for the web , it translates URLs (human-friendly language, the person's name), into an IP address (machine-friendly language, the phone number). That helps us remember many websites, same as we will remember many people's names. For those that know what DNS is i might suggest looking here for a fast refresh on DNS protocol, but briefly what you would like to understand is: * A Record: Maps a website name to an IP address. example.com ? 12.34.52.67 * NS Record (a.k.a. Nameserver record): Maps a website name to an inventory of DNS servers, just in case our website is hosted in multiple servers. example.com ? server1.example.com, server2.example.com Who is involved in DNS tunneling? * Client. Will launch DNS requests with data in them to a website . * One Domain that we will configure. So DNS servers will redirect its requests to an outlined server of our own. * Server. this is often the defined nameserver which can ultimately receive the DNS requests. The 6 Steps in DNS tunneling (simplified): 1. The client encodes data during a DNS request. The way it does this is often by prepending a bit of knowledge within the domain of the request. for instance : mypieceofdata.server1.example.com 2. The DNS request goes bent a DNS server. 3. The DNS server finds out the A register of your domain with the IP address of your server. 4. The request for mypieceofdata.server1.example.com is forwarded to the server. 5. The server processes regardless of the mypieceofdata was alleged to do. Let's assume it had been an HTTP request. 6. The server replies back over DNS and woop woop, we've got signal.
Bypassing Firewalls through the DNS Tunneling Method DNS operates using UDP, and it has a 255-byte limit on outbound queries. Moreover, it allows only alphanumeric characters and hyphens. Such small size constraints on external queries allow DNS to be used as an ideal choice to perform data exfiltration by various malicious entities. Since corrupt or malicious data can be secretly embedded into the DNS protocol packets, even DNSSEC cannot detect the abnormality in DNS tunneling. It is effectively used by malware to bypass the firewall to maintain communication between the victim machine and the C&C server. Tools such as NSTX (https://sourceforge.net), Heyoka (http://heyoka.sourceforge.netuse), and Iodine (https://code.kryo.se) use this technique of tunneling traffic across DNS port 53. CEH v11 Module 12 Page 994
NEW QUESTION # 213
Annie, a cloud security engineer, uses the Docker architecture to employ a client/server model in the application she is working on. She utilizes a component that can process API requests and handle various Docker objects, such as containers, volumes. Images, and networks. What is the component of the Docker architecture used by Annie in the above scenario?
- A. Docker client
- B. Docker registries
- C. Docker objects
- D. Docker daemon
Answer: D
Explanation:
Docker uses a client-server design. The docker client talks to the docker daemon, that will the work of building, running, and distributing your docker containers. The docker client and daemon will run on the same system, otherwise you will connect a docker consumer to a remote docker daemon. The docker consumer and daemon communicate using a REST API, over OS sockets or a network interface.
The docker daemon (dockerd) listens for docker API requests and manages docker objects like pictures, containers, networks, and volumes. A daemon may communicate with other daemons to manage docker services.
NEW QUESTION # 214
Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
- A. Burp
- B. tcpsplice
- C. Hydra
- D. Whisker
Answer: D
Explanation:
«Many IDS reassemble communication streams; hence, if a packet is not received within a reasonable period, many IDS stop reassembling and handling that stream. If the application under attack keeps a session active for a longer time than that spent by the IDS on reassembling it, the IDS will stop. As a result, any session after the IDS stops reassembling the sessions will be susceptible to malicious data theft by attackers. The IDS will not log any attack attempt after a successful splicing attack. Attackers can use tools such as Nessus for session splicing attacks.» Did you know that the EC-Council exam shows how well you know their official book? So, there is no "Whisker" in it. In the chapter "Evading IDS" -> "Session Splicing", the recommended tool for performing a session-splicing attack is Nessus. Where Wisker came from is not entirely clear, but I will assume the author of the question found it while copying Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system_evasion_techniques One basic technique is to split the attack payload into multiple small packets so that the IDS must reassemble the packet stream to detect the attack. A simple way of splitting packets is by fragmenting them, but an adversary can also simply craft packets with small payloads. The 'whisker' evasion tool calls crafting packets with small payloads 'session splicing'.
By itself, small packets will not evade any IDS that reassembles packet streams. However, small packets can be further modified in order to complicate reassembly and detection. One evasion technique is to pause between sending parts of the attack, hoping that the IDS will time out before the target computer does. A second evasion technique is to send the packets out of order, confusing simple packet re-assemblers but not the target computer.
NOTE: Yes, I found scraps of information about the tool that existed in 2012, but I can not give you unverified information. According to the official tutorials, the correct answer is Nessus, but if you know anything about Wisker, please write in the QA section. Maybe this question will be updated soon, but I'm not sure about that.
NEW QUESTION # 215
A pen tester is configuring a Windows laptop for a test. In setting up Wireshark, what river and library are required to allow the NIC to work in promiscuous mode?
- A. Winprom
- B. Winpcap
- C. Awinpcap
- D. Libpcap
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 216
What does the -oX flag do in an Nmap scan?
- A. Perform an eXpress scan
- B. Output the results in truncated format to the screen
- C. Output the results in XML format to a file
- D. Perform an Xmas scan
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://nmap.org/book/man-output.html
-oX <filespec> - Requests that XML output be directed to the given filename.
Incorrect answers:
Run an express scan https://nmap.org/book/man-port-specification.html
There is no express scan in Nmap, but there is a fast scan.
-F (Fast (limited port) scan)
Specifies that you wish to scan fewer ports than the default. Normally Nmap scans the most common 1,000 ports for each scanned protocol. With -F, this is reduced to 100.
Or we can influence the intensity (and speed) of the scan with the -T flag. https://nmap.org/book/man-performance.html
-T paranoid|sneaky|polite|normal|aggressive|insane
Output the results in truncated format to the screen https://nmap.org/book/man-output.html
-oG <filespec> (grepable output)
It is a simple format that lists each host on one line and can be trivially searched and parsed with standard Unix tools such as grep, awk, cut, sed, diff, and Perl.
Run a Xmas scan https://nmap.org/book/man-port-scanning-techniques.html Xmas scan (-sX) Sets the FIN, PSH, and URG flags, lighting the packet up like a Christmas tree.
NEW QUESTION # 217
What did the following commands determine?
- A. Issued alone, these commands prove nothing
- B. These commands demonstrate that the guest account has NOT been disabled
- C. These commands demonstrate that the guest account has been disabled
- D. That the true administrator is Joe
- E. That the Joe account has a SID of 500
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 218
After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?
- A. The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME. which is an encrypted way to send emails.
- B. The service is NTP. and you have to change It from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it
- C. The service is LDAP. and you must change it to 636. which is LDPAPS.
- D. The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions.
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol
LDAP, the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is a mature, flexible, and well supported standards-based mechanism for interacting with directory servers. It's often used for authentication and storing information about users, groups, and applications, but an LDAP directory server is a fairly general-purpose data store and can be used in a wide variety of applications.
The LDAP protocol can deal in quite a bit of sensitive data: Active Directory usernames, login attempts, failed-login notifications, and more. If attackers get ahold of that data in flight, they might be able to compromise data like legitimate AD credentials and use it to poke around your network in search of valuable assets.
Encrypting LDAP traffic in flight across the network can help prevent credential theft and other malicious activity, but it's not a failsafe-and if traffic is encrypted, your own team might miss the signs of an attempted attack in progress.
While LDAP encryption isn't standard, there is a nonstandard version of LDAP called Secure LDAP, also known as "LDAPS" or "LDAP over SSL" (SSL, or Secure Socket Layer, being the now-deprecated ancestor of Transport Layer Security).
LDAPS uses its own distinct network port to connect clients and servers. The default port for LDAP is port 389, but LDAPS uses port 636 and establishes TLS/SSL upon connecting with a client.
NEW QUESTION # 219
Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
- A. Burp
- B. tcpsplice
- C. Hydra
- D. Whisker
Answer: D
Explanation:
Many IDS reassemble communication streams; hence, if a packet is not received within a reasonable period, many IDS stop reassembling and handling that stream. If the application under attack keeps a session active for a longer time than that spent by the IDS on reassembling it, the IDS will stop. As a result, any session after the IDS stops reassembling the sessions will be susceptible to malicious data theft by attackers. The IDS will not log any attack attempt after a successful splicing attack. Attackers can use tools such as Nessus for session splicing attacks.
Did you know that the EC-Council exam shows how well you know their official book? So, there is no "Whisker" in it. In the chapter "Evading IDS" -> "Session Splicing", the recommended tool for performing a session-splicing attack is Nessus. Where Wisker came from is not entirely clear, but I will assume the author of the question found it while copying Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system_evasion_techniques One basic technique is to split the attack payload into multiple small packets so that the IDS must reassemble the packet stream to detect the attack. A simple way of splitting packets is by fragmenting them, but an adversary can also simply craft packets with small payloads. The 'whisker' evasion tool calls crafting packets with small payloads 'session splicing'.
By itself, small packets will not evade any IDS that reassembles packet streams. However, small packets can be further modified in order to complicate reassembly and detection. One evasion technique is to pause between sending parts of the attack, hoping that the IDS will time out before the target computer does. A second evasion technique is to send the packets out of order, confusing simple packet re-assemblers but not the target computer.
NOTE: Yes, I found scraps of information about the tool that existed in 2012, but I can not give you unverified information. According to the official tutorials, the correct answer is Nessus, but if you know anything about Wisker, please write in the QA section. Maybe this question will be updated soon, but I'm not sure about that.
NEW QUESTION # 220
Becky has been hired by a client from Dubai to perform a penetration test against one of their remote offices. Working from her location in Columbus, Ohio, Becky runs her usual reconnaissance scans to obtain basic information about their network. When analyzing the results of her Whois search, Becky notices that the IP was allocated to a location in Le Havre, France. Which regional Internet registry should Becky go to for detailed information?
- A. RIPE
- B. ARIN
- C. APNIC
- D. LACNIC
Answer: A
Explanation:
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs):
ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)
AFRINIC (African Network Information Center)
APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Center)
RIPE (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre)
LACNIC (Latin American and Caribbean Network Information Center)
NEW QUESTION # 221
Bob received this text message on his mobile phone: "Hello, this is Scott Smelby from the Yahoo Bank. Kindly contact me for a vital transaction on: [email protected]". Which statement below is true?
- A. Bob should write to [email protected] to verify the identity of Scott.
- B. This is a scam as everybody can get a @yahoo address, not the Yahoo customer service employees.
- C. This is a scam because Bob does not know Scott.
- D. This is probably a legitimate message as it comes from a respectable organization.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 222
......
The CEH certification is highly valued in the IT industry and is recognized globally as a benchmark in the field of cybersecurity. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is ideal for IT professionals who want to advance their careers in the field of cybersecurity and demonstrate their expertise in ethical hacking and network security. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is also highly valued by employers who are looking to protect their organizations from cyber threats.
The CEH exam is aimed at IT professionals with a background in networking, system administration, or computer security. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification demonstrates the knowledge and skills required to conduct ethical hacking activities, such as penetration testing, vulnerability assessment, and risk management.
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